Image via Wikipedia In a typical biomass pre-processing facility, feedstock arrives at the plant in chops or bales. The bales are cut into short pieces using a hydraulic piston pressing the fodder against a grid of knives. The bales can also be shredded using a roller and knife arrangement. If the moisture is more than 15%, the chopped biomass is dried in a drum dryer. Loose cut biomass has a low bulk density ranging from 50 to 120 kg/m 3 depending on the particle size. In case of chopped and ground biomass, the bulk density can be increased substantially (~ 25%) by vibrating the biomass holder (e.g. truck box, container etc.). The biomass must be mechanically compacted to increase its density as densified biomass, such as briquettes, cubes, and pellets, has densities in the range of 300 to 700 kg/m 3 . Pellets are usually in the form of a hardened biomass cylinder, made by extruding ground biomass through round or square cross sectional dies. The unit density of pellets i
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